Addiction is the strong urge to do or use something, even if the consequences are harmful. 

Addiction is commonly associated with drugs and alcohol but anyone can get addicted to something that causes some sort of ‘high’. A ‘high’ is a short-lived feeling of euphoria or altered state of consciousness. Addiction can be hard to spot sometimes as drinking, smoking, vaping, and gambling are very normalised in Australian culture. However, addiction is a serious problem that can have a huge impact on a person’s life. 

There are different levels of substance addiction. It can initially begin with misuse of a substance, which then may escalate to a dependence on it. If use continues to increase over time, it may warrant a diagnosis of Substance Use Disorder (SUD). Recognising the warning signs of addiction and finding ways to break free of addiction early can be key to preventing long-term physical and mental damage. Remember: addiction is treatable and people who suffer from addiction can make a full recovery. 

Types of Addiction 

Other than addiction to illicit substances or alcohol, many types of addiction can cause equally damaging consequences. 

• Drugs and alcohol: drugs – such as nicotine, illicit substances, and prescription medication can all be incredibly addictive. Alcohol can have a similar effect. They flood your brain with dopamine (the happy chemical) and change the way your brain feels pleasure. This means that after prolonged use, your brain becomes reliant on these substances to feel pleasure, making you ‘need’ the drug to produce a happy feeling. 
• Gambling: sports betting and pokie machines are common forms of gambling that pop up all around us. Gambling is incredibly addictive and can cause severe consequences in a person’s life. Winning can cause a type of ‘high’ that encourages a person to keep betting – ultimately making them lose in the long run. 
• Computer/phone addiction: this is an ever-growing problem (especially in our generation). Excessive gaming or scrolling can overtake other important things in a person’s life. Algorithms like the ones on TikTok and YouTube make these platforms all the more addictive.
• Shopping: shopping becomes a compulsive behaviour when you end up buying things you don’t need or want. It becomes about the ‘high’ of buying something, receiving a package, or having more things. Negative feelings like shame or despair can accompany these purchases, creating a dangerous cycle. 
• Work/study: working and studying are important parts of life. However, when they begin to dominate over all the other parts of someone’s life, it could be a problem. People who are addicted to work or study may prioritise this over important things like sleep, proper nutrition, and spending time with loved ones. 

Why does addiction happen? 

There are many reasons that addiction can happen. Some people are genetically predisposed to addiction and others fall into addiction because of their experiences. Unemployment, trauma, mental illness, and poverty can all be factors that make someone vulnerable to addiction. If someone grew up around people who suffered from addiction, this may also impact how susceptible they are. 

Drugs and alcohol impact your brain chemistry. They change the way you feel and act – this can be very addicting. Additionally, the frequency and quantity that you consume these substances can make your brain reliant on them. Watch this video to understand what changes in the brain when someone becomes addicted to drugs or alcohol.

How do I know if I am addicted? 

Addiction can happen over a period of time and sometimes it can be hard to tell if you are addicted to something. Some signs of addiction are:

• Engaging in a behaviour despite the negative consequences it brings to the rest of your life or health
• Stealing or selling things to fund an addictive behaviour
• Changes in mood: more depressed or easily irritable 
• Deteriorating friendships and familial relationships
• Experiencing withdrawal symptoms 

Treatment of addiction 

Addiction can be treated. It can often be a long process, and healing isn’t always a straight line. 

Many services are available to help people suffering from addiction. Talking to your doctor is a great way to find out what resources are out there. A trusted friend, family member, or school counsellor is also a great way to start this journey. 

• If someone close to you is struggling with addiction, access this conversation guide to help advise you on how to talk to them about it
• Kids Helpline
• Alcohol and Drug Foundation — call 1300 85 85 84
• ReachOut.com has information about addiction and mental health for young people
• Family Drug Support Australia — for people with family or friends who suffer from addiction, call 1300 368 186
• Gambling Help Online 1800 858 858
• Department of Health: How to quit smoking